Bee-flies superficially resemble bees and this may offer the adults some protection from predators.
Adults generally feed on nectar and pollen, but the larvae of the bee-flies are predators (or parasitoids) of the eggs and larvae of other insects. 
Bee-flies are often recognizable by their stocky shapes, by their hovering behavior, and for the particular length of their mouthparts and/or legs as they lean forward into flowers. 
Unlike hoverflies, which settle on the flower as do bees and other pollinating insects, those bee-fly species which have a long proboscis generally feed while continuing to hover in the air.
Bee-fly Species with shorter proboscis do land and walk on flower heads, and can be much harder to distinguish from hoverflies in the field. 
Many bee-fly species spend regular time intervals at rest on or near the ground, while hoverflies hardly ever do so. 

This Bee-fly's rather alarming scientific name of Anthrax anthrax derives from the Greek for coal, referring to its colour.

Paul de Arzila Nature Reserve, Coimbra, Portugal, 10 June 2023